James Chapman is the Senior Research Director in the Funds Management and Banking Department at the Bank of Canada. James received a Ph.D. in economics and a MSc in statistics from the University of Iowa in 2006. He joined the Bank of Canada as a senior analyst in that year. James’s primary research focus has been on interbank market and financial market infrastructure issues such as liquidity risk and credit risk in large-value payment systems as well as the efficiency of interbank markets. Recently James’s research focus has evolved to include research on fintech related topics. These topics include the use of distributed ledger technology in financial market infrastructure, specifically the Bank’s Project Jasper, as well as questions related to digital currencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and initial coin offerings. From March 2015 to October 2016 James was the research director at Payments Canada the operator of the core Canadian payments infrastructure.